Cybercrime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Cybercrime - Essay Example Data breaches can be combatted by propertizing data or by individual businesses informing consumers about their rights regarding the use of their data. Illegal downloads can be combatted by actions by the music artists themselves, as well as remedies that involve shutting down the sites that sponsor the downloads. Child pornography, in and of itself, is best combatted with legal means, such as criminal prosecution. However, the two types of pornography that are examined in this paper – extreme pornography between adults and child pornography that involves , characters - should be dealt with other means. The data breach section examines United States law, as does the section regarding illegal downloads. The pornography section involves UK law. Hence, the topics are examined with a multinational perspective, which is the best way to examine these topics, as these topics are global in nature. Cybercrime – Data Breaches One major example of cybercrime is the data breach, wh ich results in â€Å"the distribution of personal information 'beyond the bounds of...consent and expectations.'†1 These breaches may be the result of an unauthorized person accessing a company's database, or might be the result of an employee losing his or her laptop or other portable storage device. These are only some of the ways that breaches might result, and there are many more. 50% of the data breaches are committed by employees of the company that is breached.2 Breaches can lead to identity theft and fraud, such as when TJX Companies, Inc., the operator of TJ Maxx and Marshall stores in the United States, announced in January 2007 that it was the victim of a security breach, which exposed 94 million credit card records to outsiders, and these outsiders made fraudulent credit card purchases with this information about TJX customers.3 Since the cardholders had to pay for the fraudulent charges, not the individual customers, the banks who issued these cards filed suit ag ainst TJX an won a $41 million verdict ordering TJX to pay reimburse them for their losses.4 Moreover, since up to 400,000 of the TJX records included their customer's social security numbers and driver's license numbers, the thieves were able to steal identities as well.5 Stealing social security numbers is an infinitely more serious problem than accessing the individual's credit cards, as identity thieves are able to use the social security number to open up new accounts for which the individual is responsible, and gives the thief â€Å"virtual keys† to the victim's financial life,6 enabling the thief to â€Å"empty bank accounts, obtain credit cards, secure loans, open lines of credit, connect telephone services, and enroll in government benefits in the victim's name,†7 while merely stealing credit card information only leaves the individual with the inconvenience of having to close that particular account. Moreover, â€Å"[i]dentity thieves also commit crimes in t he victims names. A victim of criminal impersonation risks arrest and a criminal record for an identity thief's transgression†8 Breaches resulting in thefts of social security numbers are very expensive and time-consuming for the victims, as they spend an average of $1,000 in out of pocket expenses and 600 hours in personal time cleaning up the mess, and lose on average $16,791.9 The risks of social security numbers and other personal information falling into the wrong hands can also be deadly, as in the case

Financial Information for Business Decision Coursework

Financial Information for Business Decision - Coursework Example According to the report the company deals in third party land development and capital management. Nevertheless, it runs capital management trusts referred to as Hercules Unit Trust, the Pillar Retail Europark Fund and the Hercules Income Fund. The headquarters of the company is in London, at the Seymour Street. However, the business model adopted by the company is both risk aversive and opportunistic, which enables them to be in a position of attaining the long-term growth in her shareholder value. The major focuses of the company include: the maximization of equity returns, which is done via optimal financing and joint ventures; it aims at the creation of incomparable or excellent long-term ventures with strong covenants; it also focuses on the major assets in the office and retail sectors; as well as aiming to enhance the property returns via active development and management. In addition, we find that flexibility is imperative to high returns for the company that is both in terms of business financing and business organization. This will greatly enable them to take advantage or capitalize on the changes in the property market. From this study it is clear that whenever a business is started, we find that it either implicitly or explicitly adopts a specific business model, which defines the design of the creation of value, its delivery, as well as the capture of the mechanisms applied by the business enterprise. Nonetheless, the significance of a business model is its description of the way by which the business venture delivers value to its clients, attracts the clients to pay for value and also changes the payments to returns. Therefore, it reflects the presumption of the management as regards what is wanted by the clients, and the way a business can be in a position of meeting those needs in the best way possible, get reward for doing so and making a profit.

Texting Essay Example for Free

Texting Essay Texting trading written messages over cellphones and other devices is changing the way people communicate, (Janet). Editor Debra Nussbaum writes in an article from the Philadelphia Inquirer that by the early 2000’s Americans sent more than two trillion texts a year, by 2007, texting had exceeded phone calls by a long shot. This has definitely made a huge difference in the way people communicate with each other. To get a letter in the mail is pretty rare today especially knowing that a text will reach a loved one tout de suite. This is most definitely the generation of instant gratification and having no patience, however, that can be a good thing in certain situations. Emergencies are also being relayed instantaneously as well along with important notifications from cell phone companies and colleges. Adults are jumping on the band wagon to stay in contact with their kids, who are most likely only going to communicate in a timely manner via text. There are many good things that have come out of texting, but as usual with all good things there can be downsides. Last year, David Miller, administrator of Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management, said 911 text messaging will spread around the state and that texting is one fundamental tool in the next generation of communication with 911. In today’s society, texting is a part of our culture, and even though there are many situations where texting has proven fatal, in a situation like this one, texting has proven to be a more effective and safe way to communicate. Originally 911 texting was promoted for the hearing impaired and people with speech impairments but has recently come in handy in situations where communication with 911 needs to be quiet. If a homeowner’s house was being broken into they could text 911 instead of calling and avoid putting them in a more dangerous situation, like being heard by the intruder. Along with emergencies becoming text savvy, texting has also proven very helpful for parents trying to stay in touch with their college bound children. Many college students are busy studying or hanging out with their friends and don’t have time to pick up the phone and call home. Kim Leonard writes in an article form the Pittsburg Tribune explaining that major cell phone companies reported more people in the 40’s and 50’s are using texting to communicate with their â€Å"sons and daughters on the go†. Texting is second nature for teens and young adults these days but more times than not it isn’t for adults. To help the not so text savvy adults many cell phone companies are making dictionaries with â€Å"text-ese abreviations†. These features are making it easier for parents to be able to communicate and stay in contact with their children as well as stay cool with the new lingo and keep up with their kid’s text language. Texting has grown dramatically beyond the teenage and 20-something thumb generation over the past year, in part because parents are beginning to use the cellphone screen as another channel to communicate with children who otherwise might not have much to say, (Johnson). However, parents aren’t the only ones trying to communicate with their children using texting, colleges are catching on as well. A newspaper source said one college chose to use what’s called â€Å"JANET txt† to stay closer and keep in touch with the students in â€Å"their own language†. By doing this the college has made it easier to get ahold of students to inform them about papers due or class schedule changes or emergencies on campus. Paul Taylor, Network and Corporate Data Manager at Gateway Sixth Form College explains, On one occasion, the college had to close when our water supply was cut off, and we sent texts early the next morning when the supply was restored to tell students that the college was re-opening†¦, (Gateway Sixth Form College). These notifications are a lot easier way to communicate with busy college students and are being used by more than just colleges, today many cell phone companies will text you a notification letting you know your cell phone bill is due or if you’ve gone over your minutes. Theyre promoting phone text messaging plans that allow families hundreds of messages, or unlimited use each month, (Leonard). These unlimited usage of minutes gives teens and adults as much text time as they could want causing people to become more dependent on their phones. Unlimited usage might not be such a bad thing when it comes to parents knowing where their children are when they are with their friends or have an important message to relay to them while they are at school. While their faces may be glued to their phones at least parents know kids will see the message. Because young adults rely on texting most would actually prefer to text then call thus altering the way teens communicate with each other as well. Texting is also cheaper because most of the time its free making communicating between teens much more convenient. There was a point in the not-too distant past when students who wanted to communicate with each other at school passed notes,(Prater). Today teens aren’t passing notes in class, they are texting. Christina Porter, a senior at OHS, explains that she prefers to communicate with her friends by texting rather than calling. Teens are relying on texting so much it can also be a bad thing as well. Instead of paying attention in class they are looking at their phones and waiting for their friend to reply to their text. Walking and texting has become a trend as well. People aren’t paying attention to what’s going on around them anymore because their noses are stuck looking down at their phones. Some people may say that texting has ruined this generation’s ability to have a normal face to face conversation, that they are more antisocial or lack proper communication skills. That may or may not be true but one thing that is proving to be true is that people aren’t just paying more attention to their phones while walking but driving as well. Texting while driving has proven to be fatal which has forced many states to ban the use of any cell phone usage while driving. This is one of the huge downfalls of using texting as a form to communicate. Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reveals that nearly 6,000 people were killed last year in accidents caused by distracted drivers, and 515,000 people were injured. People feel like they are getting away with using their cell phones while driving because the police can’t see the phone in the driver’s hands if they are texting. â€Å"Talking or eating doesnt require that you look away from the road, but texting does. That quick glance can make a huge difference: Texting truck drivers are 23 times more likely to crash, according to a Virginia Tech Transportation Institute study†, (Its dum). Talk or text is the question people should ask themselves if they just can’t detach themselves from their phones long enough to drive to the local market for more milk. Unfortunately teens, because they tend to be more attached to their phones, are the number one offenders of this crime. 46% of teenagers say they text while driving, according to a 2007 AAA study. A new video, made by a British police department, graphically depicts a texting teen crashing her vehicle and has no doubt made an impression on its 1. 8 million YouTube viewers, (Its dum). Hopefully it won’t take a million teens experiencing their friends dying in car wrecks caused by texting to quite the bad habit. While texting and driving have been the cause of numerous deaths on the road, some would argue texting has been the killer of romance as well. Regardless if people want it or not, â€Å"the digital age† has generated a new expectation for modern romance. â€Å"Natural selection may be favoring† the text savvy, jokester rather than the self-assured â€Å"alpha male†, (Has Texting Killed Romance? ). People don’t risk walking up to someone they find attractive any more when it’s much easier to find out what their number is from an outside source and text them. Texting has changed the smooth talker to the smooth texter. â€Å"We havent lost romance in the digital age, but we may be neglecting it†, (Has Texting Killed Romance? ). Some would argue that yes, texting has taken the art of formal, face to face communication out of society but we are a constantly evolving world. Now we can send a text with a picture or talk via video massage. Writing is definitely not going away either it’s just developed into a new form, instantaneous digital delivery. Hopefully we can learn to appreciate the good things that have come from texting and all the other forms of communication. Soon we will be sending 3D images of ourselves on some kind of projector and maybe even talking into our hands. All in all texting is not going away and so we must learn to make it work for the better and not the worst.

Manners, Wealth and Status in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy :: Rebecca Rush Kelroy Essays

Manners, Wealth and Status in Rebecca Rush's Novel Kelroy "A novel of manners" this is how the novel Kelroy is described by Kathryn Derounian in her article "Lost in the Crowd: Rebecca Rush's Kelroy (1812)." Throughout the novel, characters such as; Mrs. Hammond, Mr. Manley, Mr. Kelroy, and especially the Gurnet family, show how people are treated differently regarding their wealth, status and mannerisms. Kelroy shows us these relationships and how one is viewed solely on the way in which they present themselves. Culture, at the time Kelroy was written, was much different than culture today. Most women in the early eighteenth century served an ornamental function rather than a domestic function. Most of the women in Kelroy were the ornamental type. The men in the eighteenth century married, not for someone to cook and clean for them, but to have someone pretty and proper to attend social gatherings with. Rush shows some of this culture when she describes Lucy and Emily at a gathering hosted by Mrs. Hammond: The two sisters were dressed exactly alike in white satin and silver. Their fans, gloves and shoes were also white; and the delicacy of their complexions, contrasted with the simple elegance of their attire, and heightened by the glow of youthful animation, rendered them lovely beyond description. (Rush 15) This shows the importance of appearance in this time period. It was typical for wealthy women to dress so elegantly at parties or other social events. This description of attire also shows, to some extent, the practice Mrs. Hammond used in the exaggerated display of her daughters. Not only did the young ladies need to dress elegantly to obtain a wealthy husband, they also had to have appropriate manners. Mrs. Hammond, after the death of her husband, devoted her life to educating her daughters in how they are to properly conduct themselves. Her reasoning for this was a typical one: to make others believe they were an established family of wealth. Mr. Marney's story is a bit different although his goal was similar.

Life of a Teenager

The life of a teenager is wild, and young and free. You can do whatever you want. You can have your crushes if you want or either a boyfriend, a good and understanding boyfriend. But take note, that you must know your limitations. You can happy as happy as you want and you can be as sad as you want. You can decide what can of life you want to live in. Being a teenager is the happiest part of your life. This is the stage of your life, which is exciting and fun. You can also have many experiences in this stage. Also, beware because temptations might happen here. You must choose a good friend, to avoid dilequenc y and problems. Choose a boyfriend who is good, and not a sex addict, because if he is a sex addict you might have a chance to be pregnant. And if that would happen your future might be broken. There is also a case that you will undergo or commit abortion, without thinking the baby’s good. You are thinking y your self. It might also happen that the person who made you pregnant will go to other places, just to hide from you, because he is not ready for the responsibility. Being a mother or father in young age is a great challenge, because you are not yet ready to take that responsibility. But you can’t give your back on it. Remember responsibility is always been a responsibility. Be aware, temptations might be at your back, following you.

Political Philosophy and Ultimate Happiness Rizal Essay

Functions of the Ruling Officer: * Promote interest and welfare of the people * For the benefit of the governed * Protection of the inhabitants * Administration of justice * Advancement of the physical, economical, social and cultural well- being of the people * Preservation of the state from danger (internal & external) Ideal Qualities of Governing Politician: * Shall have the brains and ability * Political maturity * Experience â€Å"In order to govern people he does not know or understand, he ought to possess the talent of a genius and extraordinary knowledge. † * Jose Rizal. â€Å"The government who fulfils the satisfaction of human expectation is good. The Government that DOES NOT serve the needs of the people but governs to protect the interest and welfare of a few at the expense of many is not good. † * Zulueta â€Å" Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power† * Max Weber * The government is committed to promote: * general welfare, * morals, * intelligence, * social justice * Ultimate happiness Rizal on the Family * Family- the basic and oldest social institution, a very important factor in shaping the character of a child. Family determines: * Child’s social class. * Religious orientation * Language * Upbringing of the children Children are Expected to be: * Loyal * Obedient Parents’ Legacies to children: * Rectitude of judgement * Generosity of rights * Steadfastness in adversity â€Å" The greatest honour that a son can pay his parents is integrity and a good name. † Rizal on Livelihood * Rizal vehemently objected Carl Marx’s Communist ideology. * He regarded livelihood as the government’s focal points to alleviate poverty Communism * ideology referring to the equal distribution of wealth. * The government scoops up all the wealth and distributes them evenly or as needed. Means of having a viable livelihood program: * Equal land ownership * Regulation of capital * Government buys from landlords and place it on workers â€Å"Regulation of Capital† was essential to combat the ill effects of capitalism. Each person’s wealth is based on his own personal production. Rizal on Justice â€Å" Justice is a constant and perpetual will to allot to every man what he is due. † Twin ideals of Justice System * Swiftness- occurrence of a speedy trial * Fairness- justice itself â€Å"Justice delayed is justice denied. † No person shall be deprived of life, liberty and property without due process of law.

Free Essays on D -12s Bio

In the post-Motown landscape of Detroit, brothers rocking the mic are still being considered the voice of young America. Yet, instead of dreaming of blue skies and white picket fences, the unruly boys known as D12 create surreal universes of wild times and unruly rhymes. On their bombastic sophomore effort, D-12 World, this motley crew of versatile style slayers mixes the rowdiness and absurdities of their lives into one potent cocktail. Two years after selling four million copies worldwide of their debut Devil’s Night, these motor city wild boys are on a mission to define themselves in the hectic canon of now-school hip-hop. â€Å"In D-12 World, anything can happen at any time,† Kuniva laughs. â€Å"Devil’s Night was just an introduction, now it’s time for us to really go crazy.† With a lineup that includes sharp tongued Eminem, crazy cat Bizarre, beatmaster Kon Artis, laid-back Swift, chilled-out Kuniva and freestyle king Proof, the D12 posse is already popular. The group’s debut disc received rave reviews in the press. USA Today wrote, â€Å"The garishly funky beats that underpin the diabolically clever wordplay make the album hard to dismiss†¦their diatribes seem born less of anger and more of disdain for all that’s politically correct.† Indeed, Devil’s Night established D12 as one of the super groups of the new millennium with its chart-topping single’s â€Å"Purple Pills† and â€Å"Fight Music† and with their outlandish antics on record and in performance. So what if Eminem has nine Grammys and one Oscar (â€Å"Lose Yourself† from the 8 Mile soundtrack); so what if Mr. Shady has proven himself as a film star (8 Mile) and America’s most popular rapper, when D12 is in the house, he’s just another group member. â€Å"We all knew each other growing up in Detroit,† Proof remembers. â€Å"I used to sneak Em into my school lunchroom just so he could battle. Later, when we started battling once a month at Maurice Malone’... Free Essays on D -12's Bio Free Essays on D -12's Bio In the post-Motown landscape of Detroit, brothers rocking the mic are still being considered the voice of young America. Yet, instead of dreaming of blue skies and white picket fences, the unruly boys known as D12 create surreal universes of wild times and unruly rhymes. On their bombastic sophomore effort, D-12 World, this motley crew of versatile style slayers mixes the rowdiness and absurdities of their lives into one potent cocktail. Two years after selling four million copies worldwide of their debut Devil’s Night, these motor city wild boys are on a mission to define themselves in the hectic canon of now-school hip-hop. â€Å"In D-12 World, anything can happen at any time,† Kuniva laughs. â€Å"Devil’s Night was just an introduction, now it’s time for us to really go crazy.† With a lineup that includes sharp tongued Eminem, crazy cat Bizarre, beatmaster Kon Artis, laid-back Swift, chilled-out Kuniva and freestyle king Proof, the D12 posse is already popular. The group’s debut disc received rave reviews in the press. USA Today wrote, â€Å"The garishly funky beats that underpin the diabolically clever wordplay make the album hard to dismiss†¦their diatribes seem born less of anger and more of disdain for all that’s politically correct.† Indeed, Devil’s Night established D12 as one of the super groups of the new millennium with its chart-topping single’s â€Å"Purple Pills† and â€Å"Fight Music† and with their outlandish antics on record and in performance. So what if Eminem has nine Grammys and one Oscar (â€Å"Lose Yourself† from the 8 Mile soundtrack); so what if Mr. Shady has proven himself as a film star (8 Mile) and America’s most popular rapper, when D12 is in the house, he’s just another group member. â€Å"We all knew each other growing up in Detroit,† Proof remembers. â€Å"I used to sneak Em into my school lunchroom just so he could battle. Later, when we started battling once a month at Maurice Malone’...