Convert Molarity to Parts Per Million Example Problem

Molarity and parts per million (ppm) are two units of measurement used to describe the concentration of a chemical solution. One mole is equivalent to the molecular or atomic mass of the solute. Parts per million, of course, refers to the number of molecules of solute per million parts of a solution. Since both of these units of measurement are commonly referred to in chemistry, its helpful to understand how to convert from one to the other. This example problem demonstrates how to convert molarity to parts per million. Molarity to ppm Problem A solution contains Cu2 ions at a concentration of 3 x 10 -4 M. What is the Cu2 concentration in ppm? Solution ï » ¿Parts per million, or ppm, is a measure of the amount of a substance per million parts of a solution.1 ppm 1 part substance X/ 1 x 106 parts solution1 ppm 1 g X/ 1 x 106 g solution1 ppm 1 x 10-6 g X/ g solution1 ppm 1 ÃŽ ¼g X/ g solution If the solution is in water and the density of water 1 g/mL then1 ppm 1 ÃŽ ¼g X / mL solution Molarity uses moles/L, so the mL need to be converted to L1 ppm 1 ÃŽ ¼g X /( mL solution)x(1 L/1000 mL)1 ppm 1000 ÃŽ ¼g X / L solution1 ppm 1 mg X/L solution We know the molarity of the solution, which is in moles/L. We need to find mg/L. To do this, convert moles to mg.moles/L of Cu2 3 x 10-4 M From the periodic table, the  atomic mass of Cu 63.55 g/molmoles/L of Cu2 (3 x 10-4 mol x 63.55 g/mol)/Lmoles/L of Cu2 1.9 x 10-2 g/L We want mg of Cu2, somoles/L of Cu2 1.9 x 10-2 g/L x 1000 mg/1 gmoles/L of Cu2 19 mg/LIn dilute solutions 1 ppm 1 mg/L.moles/L of Cu2 19 ppm Answer A solution with 3 x 10-4 M concentration of Cu2 ions is equivalent to 19 ppm. ppm to Molarity Conversion Example You can perform the unit conversion the other way, too. Remember, for dilute solutions, you can use the approximation that 1 ppm is 1 mg/L. Use the atomic masses from the periodic table to find the molar mass of the solute. For example, lets find the ppm concentration of chloride ions in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. A  1 M solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) has a molar mass 35.45 for chloride, which you find from looking up the atomic mass of chlorine on the periodic table and noting there is only 1 Cl ion per NaCl molecule. The mass of sodium doesnt come into play since were only looking at chloride ions for this problem.  So, you now have the relation: 35.45 gram/mole or 35.5 g/mol You either move the decimal point over one space to the left or multiply this value times 0.1 to get the number of grams in a 0.1 M solution, to give you 3.55 grams per liter for a 0.1 M NaCl solution. 3.55 g/L is the same as 3550 mg/L Since 1 mg/L is about 1 ppm: A 0.1 M solution of NaCl has a concentration of about 3550 ppm Cl ions.

Essay on Should Marijuana Be Made Legal - 1208 Words

Should Marijuana Be Made Legal? In 1620, the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock bringing with them thousands of gallons of beer and other types of liquor. This was believed to be enough for them to sell or trade with the natives in return for products like a body soother. The Native Americans introduced the Pilgrims to tobacco and other forms of drugs such as Marijuana. By the 1900s, the country noticed marijuana, a psychoactive drug, was dangerous and needed to be controlled. Later, between the 1960s and 1970s, the United States found itself in another period of drug intolerance. From then on the government started to crack down and began to embrace drug enforcement. The government spends an average of 2.3 billion dollars each†¦show more content†¦If it were legal, there would be no more adventure or fun in breaking the law to try to get some, which some people like more than actually doing the drug. The one person that said the government should not legalize it also had a few good points. She said that if it were legalized, there would be a lot more cases of cancer each year. There will also be some people that if they do legalize it, they will use it excessively. Those people may use all their money to buy marijuana and become burn-outs. She also said that the government would not legalize it because they tend to make more money off of it illegally. When the police make the drug busts most of the money goes to the government anyway. The governments point of view, according to the recent Gallup Poll, almost one-half of Americans report that either they, someone in their family, or a close friend has used illegal drugs. Twenty-eight percent of the one half characterized the drug use as moderate, while twenty-nine percent described it as a serious addiction. More than half of those who reported knowing someone with a moderate or serious drug problem were living in a household with incomes of $35,000 or more and almost all were white. The drugs are not a problem to just the inner city kids, it effects the poor, rich, suburban, and mostShow MoreRelatedEssay Astonishing Statistics of Marijuana Use in Minors1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion Americans ages 12 and over have reported to using marijuana at least once within the previous year. That number alone is an astonishing statistic on marijuana users. Although marijuana has been a drug with increasing popularity especially throughout the past couple of years due to the legalization in some states. In November of 2012 history was made when Washington and Colorado both legalized marijuana for recreational use. 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Body Image A Body Unknown Essay Example For Students

Body Image A Body Unknown Essay It happened suddenly, surprisingly and overnight. One day I was a child and the next I was a sex object. Catching everyone from friends to teachers, parents to siblings off guard I had grown into a women and to some, a piece of female specimen that welcomed sexual advances, harassment and jokes. The one thing that has defined my womanhood more then anything else has been my breasts. I was thrown, unarmed into this situation at the tender age of 13, since then my views have changed. At 13 I viewed my buxomest body as a toy, an advantage, but after 5 years of being viewed as a sex object my views have changed. Changing my views ever further was reading Chapter 9 in Julia Woods Gendered Lives, this chapter dealt with the stereotypical roles of both sexes. One female role that applied directly to me was the sex object stereotype. Even after 5 years of continuous harassment I feel empowered and proud of my sexuality, I love my body, including my breasts. Wood described a sex object as something that was wrong, something that shouldnt be a part of our society. Wood inadvertently made me feel like I was harming other women by embracing my sexuality. Wrong, I say, society has made me a sex object and I will do everything I can to make society deal with what they have created. I have always believed that my body was something to be proud of, something that I have treasured and praised throughout my life. For the first 6 months of my womanhood I felt I had been blessed. But, over the years I endured example after example that showed me there was something very, very wrong with the way society deals with sexuality. I did not see anything wrong when I was on an airplane with classmates and found them staring at my breasts. When I asked them what they were doing they simply replied, waiting for turbulence. That was funny, then. A couple months later I heard boys in the back row of my science class talking vulgarly about my body, naturally, I was upset, but chalked it up to immaturity and went on with my life. My freshman year of high school was the worst, so far. I didnt feel like I could run in P. E. because the wrestlers, whom were all upperclassman would stand at the wall and yell elicit lines to me. Further damaging my self worth, were teachers. I was never directly harassed my teachers but they let other students verbally harass me over and over again. The first week of school, freshman year, a senior, yelled to me from another table that I was his new girlfriend because he likes them girls with huge jugs. It might have been different, I might have been protected if I was some meek, shy girl, but I was not. I was class president, an athlete I was well known and apart from my body, widely respected. It appalled the administration that such an active student was so bluntly sexy. They showed me, through looks and stern talks everyday that I shouldnt wear certain things, the same certain things that every other girl was wearing. I was not trying to make a statement; I was simply, embracing my body. I felt beautiful in my clothes and thats why I wore them. Even with all the things I had endured I made a pact with myself, I was not going to sulk away and become unnoticed and lacking self-esteem. As the years went by, the harassment continued. As I matured and became more of an adult and less of a child I began to understand what I believed in and that my sexuality was not my problem, it was theirs. Women, even women who are viewed, as sex objects should not have to cover up or feel ashamed, it is society that should learn to embrace them. A woman, even a woman with big breasts, or an hourglass figure, should be able to dress, as she wants and not be harassed. I have yet to discover the exact problem, but there is an underlying current ready to destroy our culture, it is something that both men and women have internalized, something that we have been conditioned to think, to feel. Something in our society has given these people the right to destroy a persons self worth because they are sexual. .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 , .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .postImageUrl , .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 , .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4:hover , .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4:visited , .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4:active { border:0!important; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4:active , .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4 .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc98c3121daf524cd6b02f03d34aee7a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hope In Action EssayThis poison might be the media, it might be the schools, it might even be the in the family dynamics, but people in our communities feel it is their right to comment, to judge and to scrutinize women simply because they have a certain type of body. All the same, these people are scared. They view open sexuality as unknown and dangerous, the feel if they tell a person like me to cover up or down play my body it will protect me, as well as the others who surround me. Protect me from what? Last summer, completely covered I was grabbed by a complete stranger at a restaurant. The moment it happened I felt violated, upset but most of all concerned. What a sad life that little boy would have. Furthermore, this situation goes to show that this is not a personal problem, this is a problem that has began to condemn our world. Only 6 months after this incident a grown man I had just met bluntly told me, you have really big boobies. Not even knowing how to respond to such a blatant form of disrespect I began to ask him questions about his comment. He could not understand why I was so upset; he also could not understand why I did not view his comment as a compliment. I told him why, I told him about the last 1,885 days of harassment I had endured, I told him about strangers grabbing me in public and I explained to him that on average, I get unwelcome comments about my breasts 5 times a day. A perfect example of why I was so mad happened only 20 minutes after our conversation. Coming out of a gas station with a friend we found that my car was parked next to a car full of boys. As I was getting into my car they rolled down their windows and said, Hey, you have really nice tits. Are they real? Yes, only 20 minutes later I was thrown into another situation of harassment. That is why I was upset. After years and years of constant harassment coming from people of all ages, both male and female, I have come to realize that people just do not understand. They do not understand that a woman that is a sex object can also hold so much more. Media has produced a culture that has such an obsession with carbon-copied manufactured sexuality that when a person e mbodies one or all of the assets found in media, they so intensely focus on that one thing, and in turn, they do not see the rest of that person. Before taking the time to study the media and its influence on society I did not realize its harm. The media sells sex; it portrays both men and women in sexy, stereotypical roles. I never felt there was any harm in a person being sexy, dressing sexy, or acting sexy so I did not feel the media was in the wrong. Only after applying my personal experiences, my friends experiences, or lack there of, to the media, I realized that the societal impact was dangerously effecting todays cultural dynamics. With the media emphasizing not only sex, but also certain body types i. e. Bay Watch the media is harming people that embody those certain body types, and the self-esteem of those who do not. Only after typing this do I realize why I had never understood this before. I never saw the media as effecting people on such a personal level because after each incident I either blamed the person or just took it and chalked it up to a lifelong annoyance. What I did not see was that girls that embodied anything that is stereotypically portrayed as sexy were receiving the same harassment. It is not widely known because most women are just beautiful, something that is sexy but not something that is easily harassable. .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 , .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .postImageUrl , .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 , .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230:hover , .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230:visited , .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230:active { border:0!important; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230:active , .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230 .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8ed2886254a859ad83c7cd742f08230:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Redefinition Of Social Institutions EssayAll women have something about them that makes them sexy, but a woman with pretty hair is not going to be offended when someone grabs her hair. There is a fine line between a woman that is sexy and a woman that is a sex object. Almost every woman has been a sex object at least once in their lives, but there are a few women that are sex objects constantly. There is a common perception that needs to be changed. A woman should be able to be a sexy and smart. A persons mind is a precious thing, a smart thing, and a beautiful thing; lets not let sexuality override that truth.

South West Airlines Case Study

Corporate Culture South West Airlines began operations in 1967 and continues to dominate the larger United States domestic airline market. The company offers the lowest travel rates in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on South West Airlines: Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is part of its culture. It has entrenched this culture throughout the economic dynamism experienced over the years it has been in operation. The company offers low rates but cuts down on other in-flight services. These services include airport lounges, first class offers and seat reservations. The company argues that by cutting down on these services, it increases customer numbers. Its target market is the low-end market that is interested in flying the different states in the country. These people travel to visit their loved ones and conduct business. Hence, this group may not be interested in high class service s to do that. The company has earned itself the tag ‘low cost carrier’ because of that. This does not mean that the services at South West Airlines are not high-end. It only means that the company’s interest is to charge customers as little as possible for flights across the United States. The company uses only one flight to conduct its operations. The Boeing 737 has been in operation for a considerably long time now. The company argues that this gives it identity in the wide sea of airline operators. The company in-flight services are also different. It hires stewardesses and flight attendants that have unique body shapes. They must, for instance be tall. They must wear short skirts while at work. Hence, the term ‘long legs and short skirts’. The selection of the employees is quite detailed and includes the need to face a committee (Hewlett, 2006). Competitive Advantage The company has been in operation for over 5 decades. During this time, it has m aintained this same culture. The company has expanded and grown to be the biggest airline company in the United States that deals in domestic market. The company attributes this to the culture described above.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The argument is that other operators adopted the ‘cool’ travel tag while it maintained its core business: travelling. The various economic slowdowns and falls that have characterized the United States have played to the advantage of the company. This is because people faced by those situations have reverted to using South West Airlines as the travel partner of choice. The other companies have resorted to too much advertising to win back customers. It is understandable that change is hard in organizations. It is especially impossible if it is counter change. This change is not proactive and it only responds to a situation. Th is is what most airlines have been grappling with in the receding economic turmoil of 2008. In an attempt to cut down on travel budgets, many people in the United States have employed the services of south west airlines. This is because of the culture it has maintained from the start. Therefore, in more than one occasion, South West Airlines business culture has worked to its advantage. It has offered it the competitive edge in the domestic market. This has positively affected company performance. The company continued to report growing customer and profit numbers when all other operators were reporting losses (Yilmaz, 2008). Financial Performance Net Profit Margin  £84.4/  £793* 100 =10.64 % The company is doing relatively well with a margin above 10 %. This means it is making sustainable profits. Gross Profit Margin  £490/  £793 *100= 61.8 % This is indicative of the importance that the company has associated with its financial cut down. It ahs worked to its advantage . ROCE PBIT/Equity+ Long Term Debt *100 The Return on Capital Employed measures the efficiency of the use of shareholder’s funds and other long term borrowings. A higher ratio indicates more efficient use of the resources. Leadership Styles and Strategic Decisions It can be seen that the airline made the strategy for charging low air fares a part of it and the airline even became popular because of this. In addition, it adapted a plan that gave its employee the option of leaving employment voluntarily even before they had reached the proper retirement age. This brought about a culture of respect among the employees and management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on South West Airlines: Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new products that were introduced by the Southwest Airlines for example â€Å"the early bird check in†, the package that allowed passengers to travel with pets and th e package that made it possible for passengers to access the internet also became a part of the organization. The importance that the Southwest airlines attached to proper financial management also became a part of the organization. Every organization is always faced with a dilemma when it comes to change. This is because of the uncertainties that change brings with it. However from the above analysis, it is evident that for an organization to survive in the current turbulent times, change is inevitable. The effectiveness of the changes implemented by the Southwest Airlines can be seen in their annual reports. The airline’s returns have greatly improved despite the current poor economic conditions. The company recorded losses in the first quarter. However, the airline was able to turn this around and report profits unlike it competitors. The effectiveness of these changes can also be seen as passengers have increasingly become more loyal to the airline compared to others. The airline has also recorded an increase in new passengers who now prefer the airline as opposed to other airlines (Hewlett, 2006). Southwest airlines has also experienced a reduction in operating costs due to the measures that it put in place to curb the rising costs of operation for example the postponement of expanding the airline, introducing a voluntary retirement scheme for the employees, and looking for different ways to deal with the rising energy costs. Due to its insistence on the need for proper financial management, the airline has been able to maintain very low levels of debts hence eliminating the possibility of insolvency. It has also been able to find new and innovative ways to improve its liquidity position. Therefore, when all is said and done, the changes that the Southwest Airlines implemented have been more effective than disadvantageous (Kathleen, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Hewlett, R. (2006). The Cognitive leader. London: Rowman Littlefield Pub Inc. Kathleen, B. H. (2008). From Analyst to Leader: Elevating the Role of the Business Analyst Management Concepts. London: Free Press. Yilmaz, A.K. (2008). The Corporate Sustainability Model for Airline Business. Web. This essay on South West Airlines: Case Study was written and submitted by user PrinceofOrphans to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.